Longest Word a Reflection in a Mirror Also Reads Word
REFLECTING ON THE MIRROR
In all likelihood the first mirrors would have only been pools of water that reflected the paradigm of the one who looked into it. Nature'southward mirror, while cheap and readily accessible, must take also been quite frustrating with the slightest disturbance on the surface of the water making information technology hard to run into clearly. It is not altogether clear when the starting time man-made mirrors were produced but mirrors made of brass are mentioned in the Bible, and after that mirrors of statuary were in common use among the ancient Egyptians, Romans and Greeks. In add-on to bronze, the Greeks and Romans experimented with polished silverish to produce simple mirrors.
Crude forms of glass mirrors were first made in Venice in 1300. Small sheets of drinking glass were cut from disks made by a spinning procedure. When this drinking glass was backed with a covering of can or lead, a 'mirror' resulted. During the early on periods of their evolution, mirrors were rare and expensive. French republic had drinking glass factories but only in Venice, Italy was the hole-and-corner of mirror foiling know due north. The chemical procedure of blanket a glass surface with metallic argent was discovered by High german chemist Justus von Liebig in 1835, and this advance inaugurated the modern techniques of mirror making.
By the end of the 17th century mirrors were made in Britain and the manufacture of mirrors developed later into an important industry in many other European countries. People wore them in their hats, or gear up them like jewels in their rings. Society glittered and shone similar the firmament. A little after, America was gripped by the mirror craze, only this time they wore interested in larger mirrors. In firm after house in residential districts and eastern cities there could be found one long mirror after some other placed betwixt ii front parlour windows.
In the manufacture of mirrors today, plate glass is cut to size, and all blemishes are removed by polishing with rouge. The glass is scrubbed and flushed with a reducing solution before silver is practical. The glass is then placed on a hollow, cast-iron tabletop, covered with felt, and kept warm by steam. A solution of silverish nitrate is poured on the drinking glass and left undisturbed for about 1 hour. The silver nitrate is reduced to a metal silver and a lustrous eolith of silvery gradually forms. The eolith is stale, coated with shellac, and painted. Most nowadays-day mirrors therefore, are made up of these layers. Glass is used on acme because it is smooth, clear, and protects the reflective surface. A mirror needs to exist very smoothen in guild for the best reflection to occur.
Mirrors may have airplane or curved surfaces. A curved mirror is concave or convex depending on whether the reflecting surface faces toward the centre of the curvature or away from information technology. Curved mirrors in ordinary usage take surfaces of varying shapes. Perhaps the virtually common is spherical. Spherical mirrors produce images that are magnified or reduced – exemplified, by mirrors for applying facial makeup and by rear-view mirrors for vehicles. Cylindrical mirrors are another common blazon of shape. These focus a parallel axle flight to a linear focus. A paraboloidal mirror is 1 which is frequently used to focus parallel rays to a precipitous focus, as in a telescope mirror, or to produce a parallel beam from a source at its focus, such equally a searchlight. A less common just useful shape is the ellipsoidal. Such a mirror volition reflect light from one of its two focal points to the other.
While the mirror is the focus of the product, the frame plays an important albeit slightly lesser part as the anchor by which the mirror is affixed to its proper place. From the tardily 17th century onward, mirrors and their frames played an increasingly important part in the ornament of rooms. Complementing the shiny reflective mirror, the early frames were ordinarily of ivory, silver, ebony, or tortoiseshell or were veneered with walnut, olive, and laburnum. Needlework and bead frames were also to exist found. Craftsmen such as Grinling Gibbons often produced elaborately carved mirror frames to match a consummate decorative ensemble. The tradition shortly became established of incorporating a mirror into the space over the mantelpiece; many of the early on versions of these mirrors, usually known asovermantels, were enclosed in glass frames. The architectural structure of which these mirrors formed a office became progressively more elaborate. Focusing heavily on the effect created past mirrors, 18th century designers such every bit the English language brothers Robert and James Adam created fireplace units stretching from the hearth to the ceiling. Oil the whole, mirror frames reflected the general taste of the time and were ofttimes changed to accommodate alterations in taste – frames usually beingness cheaper and hence more easily replaced than the mirror itself.
By the finish of the 18th century, painted ornamentation largely supplanted carving on mirrors, the frames being decorated with floral patterns or classical ornaments. At the same time the French started producing round mirrors. Normally surrounded by a neoclassical gold frame that sometimes supported candlesticks, these mirrors enjoyed cracking popularity well into the 19thImproved skill in mirror making too made possible die introduction of the cheval glass, a freestanding full-length mirror, supported on a frame with four feet. These were mainly used for dressing purposes, though occasionally they had a decorative office. New, cheaper techniques of mirror product in the 19th century led to a dandy proliferation in their apply. Non merely were they regularly incorporated into pieces of furniture – such as wardrobes and sideboards – they were too used in everything from high-powered telescopes to decorative schemes in public places. Their popularity continues today. Through them, infants are able to develop an awareness of their individuality through 'mirror games'. This blazon of emotional reflection stimulates babies to move various parts of their trunk and even promotes verbal utterances.
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-5 on your reply sailwrite
TR UE if the argument concur with the information
Imitation if th eargument contradicts the information
Not GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 .The Creeks barren Egyptians used polished silver to make mirrors.
2 .The first man-made mirrors were made of statuary.
3 .Only the wealthy could afford the kickoff mirrors.
4 .The first mirrors in America were used for decoration.
5 .Spherical mirrors are commonly used in cars.
Questions vi-9
Complete the labels on Diagram A below.
Write the right letterA-J in boxes6-9 on your answer sheet.
Diagram A: Magnified side-view of a mirror
A. rouge
B. bandage iron
C. felt
D. steam
E. shellac
F. drinking glass
1000. metal
H. silver nitrate paint
I. reducing solution
6
seven
8
9
Questions ten-13
Choose the correct letterA, B, C, or D.
Write your answers in boxes10-xiii on your answersail.
ten. The type of mirror used for looking at the stars is
A . paraboloidal.
B .spherical.
C . cylindrical.
D . ellipsoidal.
xi. 17th century craftsmen
A . composite mirror frames well with other household piece of furniture.
B . hung mirrors in a higher place fireplaces.
C . used mirror frames as a focus for home ornament.
D . established floral patterns as a standard for mirror frames.
12. xviiith century craftsmen
A . designed article of furniture which highlighted the unique properties of mirrors.
B . experimented largely with mirror frames fabricated of ebony and ivory.
C . built spherically-shaped minors.
D . experimented with ceiling mirrors around fireplaces.
13. 19thursday century craftsmen
A . used mirrors less than whatever previous fourth dimension in history.
B . introduced mirrors equally learning tools.
C . used mirrors extensively in bedchamber article of furniture.
D . etched designs into mirrors.
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